Comprehensive and complete review

Introduction

Nasal reconstruction is one of the most sophisticated and delicate plastic and restorative surgeries. The nose is of particular importance because of the central position in the face and the vital role in the respiratory function and appearance.. In cases where the person has a deformation or defect in the nose due to accidents, cancer, previous surgeries, or congenital abnormalities, nasal regeneration becomes a complex and multi -stage process.. This process requires careful planning and step -by -step implementation to improve both respiratory function and nasal beauty..

In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan), The importance of careful planning in nose reconstruction, the various stages of this process, the challenges ahead, and the expected results are discussed..

The importance of careful planning in nose reconstruction

1.. The complexity of the nasal structure

The nose consists of a variety of components, including bone, cartilage, skin and soft tissue, each playing a distinct role in respiratory function and nasal appearance.. Successful nasal reconstruction requires a balance between these components. For this reason, any modification or change in these structures must be done with care and elegance.

2.. Need to rebuild functional and aesthetics

The purpose of nasal reconstruction is not only to correct its appearance, but also to improve respiratory function. انسداد مسیرهای هوایی، ناهنجاری‌های Septum (سپتوم), Or problems in nasal valves must be carefully examined and modified. This requires a deep understanding of the nose anatomy and the choice of appropriate surgical techniques.

۳. Stages required

In many cases, nose reconstruction is not possible at one stage. Especially in cases where tissue transplantation, cartilage correction, or skin regeneration, surgery is essential in several stages.. Each step should be aimed at preparing the conditions for the next step and minimizing the risk of tolls..

Different stages of nose planning and reconstruction

first stage: Initial assessment and treatment planning

Initially, the surgeon evaluates the patient's nose structurally and functionally using different methods.. This assessment includes the following:

Clinical examination: ارزیابی وضعیت تیغه بینی، دریچه‌های بینی، Cartilages و پوست

Medical imaging: CT scan use (CT) And MRI (MRI) To check the internal status of the nose

3D modeling: Design of digital model of nose to simulate surgical results and predict potential problems

Patient consultation: Transparent patients' goals and expectations of surgical outcome

second stage: Tissue preparation and nasal structure

At this point, focusing on improving tissue status and modifying basic nasal structures. This step may include the following:

Tissue harvest: In the event of a deficiency of cartilage or skin, it may need to be removed from other parts of the body (such as ears or ribs) ..

Improving skin conditions: In cases where the skin is damaged or thin, reinforcement treatments such as skin transplantation or artificial tissue are performed..

Nosebleeds and cartilage: The surgeon may adjust or regenerate nasal cartilage to improve the respiratory path.

third level: Reconstruction of the nose structure

At this point, the structural reconstruction of the nose is done to restore its natural appearance and function.. Techniques used include:

Rather, it is enlarging the nose by creating a bridge over the nose: Use of ear cartilage, ribs or nasal blades to create strength and formation

Creating symmetry: Precise adjustment of the nose blade and nose tip to create balance and appearance

Skin regeneration: In the event of serious injury, skin transplantation is done from other parts of the body.

The fourth stage: Reform and Completion of Reconstruction

Occasionally, after initial surgery, problems such as asymmetric or respiratory obstruction remain that need to be corrected. This step is usually performed 2 to 6 months after initial surgery. Reforms may include:

Adjusting nasal valves to improve airflow

correction Tip of the nose برای بهبود فرم و تقارن

Injection of fat or skin fillers to improve volume and symmetry

Challenges of nose reconstruction

1.. Tissue constraints

In cases where the patient does not have enough tissue to reconstruct (For example, after a severe injury), There is a need to use artificial tissue or tissue removal from other parts of the body.

2.. Nymph

Nose reconstruction due to the use of transplanted tissues, with the risk of necrosis (Tissue death) Or infection associated with. Observing sterile surgical techniques and post -surgical care techniques reduces these risks.

۳. Functional problems

گاهی پس از بازسازی، مشکلاتی مانند Nasal obstruction، تغییر در حس بویایی یا ناراحتی هنگام تنفس ممکن است رخ دهد که نیاز به مداخله اصلاحی دارد.

Post -nose recreation care

1.. Wound care

Use of antibiotics ointments

Avoid nose manipulation

Use special dressings to reduce swelling

2.. Swelling and bruising

Use a cold compress

Sleep

Avoid heavy activities for 1 to 2 weeks

۳. Regular follow-ups

Regular examinations with the surgeon are essential to evaluate the performance and appearance of the nose. In case of problems, corrective surgeries may be recommended.

Expected results

Successful reconstruction of the nose leading to:
Improve respiratory function
Correction of appearance anomalies
Restore patient self -esteem
Improve the quality of life

summary

Nose reconstruction is a complex, multi -step process that requires careful planning, step -by -step implementation, and regular follow -up.. Success in this process depends on the experience and skill of the surgeon, post -operative care and patient patience. Achieving a natural and proportionate effect on the face anatomy is the ultimate goal in nasal reconstruction.

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Improvement of respiratory function, sense of smell and related problems

Introduction

Nose proper functioning plays an essential role in overall body health. The nose not only is the main air entry path into the respiratory tract, but also plays a role in filtering, warming and moisturizing the air before entering the lungs.. Also, the sense of smell performed by the smell in the nose plays a role in detecting odors, stimulating appetite and even creating memories.. Nasal functional problems can disrupt breathing, reduce smell and other problems such as dry mouth, snoring, frequent sinus infections, and even sleep problems.. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan)We examine the causes of nasal functional problems, diagnostic methods, and strategies for improving nasal function through surgical and non -surgical interventions..

Anatomy of the nose and its function

The nose is anatomically divided into three main sections:

Exterior: Asymmetrical jaws only cause problems for the person Nasal bridge, The tip of the nose and the nose blades.

Internal section: Includes the nose blade (سپتوم)، Nasal tentacles (Turbines) And the nose ducts.

The smell area: Is on the nose ceiling and contains olfactory receptor cells.

Main nose functions

breathing: Air Air to the lungs, filtering external particles, warm and moisturizing the air.

Olfactory: Diagnosis of odors through olfactory receptors.

Safety: Nose mucus and fine hair (Gray) Particles and microorganisms are trapped and prevent them from entering the respiratory tract.

Setting the pressure: Help balance pressure in the sinuses and ears.

Nose functional problems

1.. Nasal obstruction

Nasal obstruction is the most common functioning problem that can occur for the following reasons:

Deviated septum (سپتوم): Nasal blade tilting causes air passage to block.

Hyperphorfi turbines: The enlargement of nasal tentacles tightens the airway.

Nasal polyps: Abnormal tissue growth in the nasal ducts that cause obstruction.

Chronic: Allergies, chronic sinusitis or non -allergic rhinitis.

2.. Decrease or lose the sense of smell (Anosmia)

The reasons for decreasing the sense of smell include the following:

Physical obstruction: Such as polyps or septum deviation.

Viral infection: Such as colds or kuvid-1.

inflammation: Allergic rhinitis or sinusitis.

nerve damage: Head -to -head trauma or neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's.

۳. Sleep and snoring problems

Nose obstruction causes oral breathing in sleep and snoring.

In severe cases, sleep apnea (Respiratory interruption) May occur.

4.. Dryness and irritation of the nasal mucosa

Over -use of nose sprays

Dry air

Sinus problems

Nasal performance strategies

1.. Correction of deviated nasal septum (سپتوپلاستی)

The deviation of the nasal septum is one of the main causes of nasal obstruction. Septoplasty is a surgery in which the nasal septum is smooth and the breathing path opens..
Work stages:

Surgery is performed under general or local anesthesia.

A small incineration inside the nose.

The deflected parts of the nasal septum are removed or corrected.

Without external cutting and with minimal suture..
Advantages:

Improve breathing

Reduce snoring

Reduce dry mouth

2.. Reduce turbines (Engineer)

If nasal turbines (Tentacles) To be too large, the turbine is performed.
Methods:

Reduction with laser or radio frequency (RF): The extra texture burns or becomes small.

Surgical incision: Part of the turbine tissue is removed.
Advantages:

Improve airflow

Reduce nose congestion

Improving the function of the sense of smell

۳. Remove the polyps (Polypectomy)

If the nasal polyp causes blocking or decreasing the sense of smell, the polypectomy is performed.
Methods:

Polyp is removed with a tool called endoscope.
Advantages:

Improve breathing

Improve the sense of smell

Reduce nasal secretions

4.. Treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic inflammation

Steroid sprays: Reduce inflammation and swelling.

Antihistamines: Control of allergic reactions

Nose wash with salt serum: Cleaning nasal ducts of secretions and allergens

5. Treatment of Smell Sensation Problems

Opening the nose.: By surgery or medication treatment

Practice smell: The use of aromatic oils (Like eucalyptus)

Treatment of inflammation: The use of topical or oral corticosteroids

۶. Treatment of dry nose

The use of air moisturizers

Use of salt sprays

Avoid long -term antisocial sprays

Post -correction of nose problems

Nose wash with salt serum to prevent dryness

Avoid hitting the nose after surgery

Take medication prescribed by your doctor's order

Regular follow-up with the doctor

Expected results after treatment

• Improvement of breathing and reducing congestion
  Improve the sense of smell
  Reduce snoring and improving sleep quality
  Reduce sinus infections
  Reducing dryness and stimulating the nose

Conclusion

Modifying nasal functional problems can have a significant impact on quality of life. Removing nasal obstruction, improving smell and resolving respiratory problems improve sleep, increase energy levels, and reduce sinuses problems.. Surgical treatments (Such as septoplasty, turbine and polypectomy) And non -surgical (Like the nasal therapy and wash) Can restore normal nasal function.

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Techniques, benefits and challenges

Introduction

Nasal airway obstruction is one of the most common problems among patients that can cause respiratory problems, Snoring، Sleep Apnea, Reduced sense of smell and reduced quality of life. In cases where drug therapies or non -invasive procedures such as the use of nasal sprays and sinuses are not effective, the creation of new respiratory pathways through surgical procedures, such as turbine, septoplasty and other nasal reconstruction techniques, is considered as an essential solution.. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan), Examines a variety of techniques for opening respiratory roads, their benefits and related challenges..

Causes of obstruction of nasal airways

1. Deviated septum (سپتوم)

Deviated septum (Septum Division) A state is said to be a bone-bone wall of the nose (سپتوم) Diverted from the middle line and reduces the flow of inlet air from one or both nostrils. This problem can be congenital or caused by a nose impulse.

2. Nasal turbines (Nasal tentacles) Swell

Turbines (Conha) Bone structures are intra -nose that are covered with soft tissue. Excessive swelling of turbines, especially lower turbine (Inferior Turbinate), Can cause airway blockage and disturbances in breathing.

3. Nasal polyps

Nasal polyps Abnormal growth of soft tissues inside the nasal cavity that can block the respiratory tract.. This problem is usually with allergies and chronic inflammation of sinuses (Chronic sinusitis) Relevant.

4. Soft tissue hypertrophy

The enlargement of soft tissues inside the nose, such as mucosal glands, can lead to obstruction of the airways. This problem is usually caused by allergies, chronic inflammation, or recurrent infections..

5. Nose stenosis

Nasal valves (The inner areas of the nostrils) If they are narrowed for congenital or injury reasons, they can limit the flow of inlet air to the nose.

Surgical methods to create new respiratory ways

1. سپتوپلاستی (Septoplasty)

سپتوپلاستی Is a type of surgery to correct nasal blade deflection. This procedure involves removing or deforming part of the bone-rash blade to open the respiratory path.

Do method:

The surgeon enters through the nostril.

The nasal septum's mucus is lifted and the deflected parts of the bone or cartilage are corrected or removed.

Finally, the nasal septum is stabilized in a smooth and central position.

Advantages:

Improve airflow

Reduce snoring

Improve symptoms of sinusitis

2. Engineer (Turbinoplasty)

In this way, parts of nose tentacles (Turbines) That cause obstruction, small or removed.

Do method:

Radiofrequency or laser devices are used to reduce the size of turbines.

In some cases, part of the turbines is removed to provide better air flow.

Advantages:

Rapid breathing recovery

Reducing allergies and congestion symptoms

Long -term results

3. Regeneration of nasal valve (Nasal Valve Reconstruction)

This procedure is performed to correct stenosis or structural weakness of the nasal valve.

Do method:

Use of cartilage bonding from nasal blade or ear

The reinforcement of the internal structure of the nose

Advantages:

Increase the strength of the valves

Improve respiratory function

Reduce permanent obstruction

4. Polypectomy (Polypectomy)

In this method, nasal polyps that cause blockage are removed.

Do method:

Using surgical or endoscopy tools to remove polyps

Nasal mucosa repair after removal of polyps

Advantages:

Improve the sense of smell

Reducing inflammation and congestion

Improve sleep quality

5. The act of opening the sinuses (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery – FESS)

This procedure is done using endoscope to open sinus routes and improve sinuses drainage..

Do method:

Through the nostrils, small tools are entered and the obstruction is removed.

Improves airflow and discharge of sinus secretions

Advantages:

Reducing congestion

Reduce headache and sine pressure

Improve airflow

Post-surgery care

Use of salt sprays: To prevent drying of nose mucosa

Abstaining: To prevent bleeding

Refrain from smoking: Smoking and hookah stimulates the nasal mucosa and slow the recovery process.

Refusal: To reduce the risk of bleeding

Benefits of creating new respiratory paths

Improve sleep quality
Reduce snoring
Increased energy levels due to improvement of oxygenation
Reduce sinus infections
Improve the sense of smell

Potential challenges and complications

Post -operative bleeding
The infection
Swelling and bruising
The creation of ulcers or adhesion in the nose
The probability of the need for restorative action

Conclusion

Creating new respiratory ways through surgical procedures such as septoplasty, turbine and nasal regeneration is an effective solution to improve respiratory problems caused by nasal obstruction.. Choosing the appropriate treatment depends on the main cause of obstruction and specific conditions of the patient.

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Repair of injuries caused by bacterial or fungal infections

Introduction

The nose plays an essential role in respiratory function, sense of smell, and facial appearance. However, severe bacterial or fungal infections can be destroyed by nasal tissue, deformity (Badness) And disruption to respiratory dysfunction. Nasal reconstruction after these injuries has complex challenges because it has a 3D and sensitive structural nose that needs to be successful and highly skilled to reconstruct the surgical care.. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan)Examines the causes, surgical processes, and nasal regeneration techniques after severe infections.

1.. Causes and causes of severe nasal infections

۱.۱. Bacterial infections

Severe bacterial infections can cause necrosis (Tissue death), Swelling and forming an abscess. One of the common bacteria that can lead to severe nose infection is:

Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus)

Streptococcus Pygenz (Streptococcus pyogenes)

Pseudomonas aeroginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

۱.۲. Fungal infections

Fungal infections, especially in people with immune system weaknesses (Such as diabetic patients, cancer patients, or people treated with immune suppressing drugs) Can cause nasal tissue necrosis. The most common pathogenic fungi are:

Moro (Mucor)

Aspergillus (Aspergillus)

Candidate (Candida)

۱.۳. Talented factors

Diabetes is not controlled

Immune defect (HIV, Cancer, Immunosepingo Drugs)

A history of surgery or trauma to the nose

Long -term use of steroids

Healthy conditions

2.. Damage caused by severe infections

۲.۱. Soft tissue damage

Severe bacterial or fungal infections can lead to:

Swelling

Necrosis (Tissue death)

Fistula formation (Abnormal relationship between nasal cavity and other spaces)

۲.۲. Structural damage

Severe infections can damage the following structures:

nasal septum → septum deviation and respiratory problems

Cartilage → Deformiti (For example Sadde Nose)

Skin and soft tissue → thinning and disappearing of nose skin

۳. Initial diagnosis and evaluation

۳.۱. Clinical examination

Assessing the shape and function of the nose

Airway blockage check

Evaluation

۳.۲. Imaging tests

CT Scan (CT Scan) → to evaluate the amount of bone destruction

MRI → To check for soft tissue damage and blood vessels

۳.۳. Cultivation and biopsy

Sampling of damaged tissue to diagnose the type of infectious agent (Bacteria or fungus)

An antibiotic sensitivity test

4.. Stages of nasal regeneration after severe infections

۴.۱. first stage: Infection control

At this stage, the goal is to prevent infection progress and maintain healthy tissue:

Antibiotic or antifungal treatment based on cultivation results

Surgical debris (Removing necrotic tissue)

Control of underlying factors (Such as control of blood glucose in diabetes)

۴.۲. second stage: Structural reconstruction

After complete control of the infection, the reconstruction phase begins:

۴.۲.۱. Rather, it is enlarging the nose by creating a bridge over the nose

Cartilage from nasal septum (If it is healthy), Lifted ear or ribs and used to rebuild the nasal framework.

۴.۲.۲. Soft tissue transplant

The use of topical flaps (Local Flaps)

Use free flaps (Free Flaps) From the forehead or species area

۴.۲.۳. Regeneration

Using the mucous membrane or soft tissue transplant to regenerate the inner surface of the nose

۴.۳. third level: Cosmetic and functional regeneration

At this point focus is on improving the appearance of the nose and respiratory function:

جراحی زیبایی (رینوپلاستی) → to correct nose form

Skin transplant → to improve the appearance of nasal skin surface

5. Common techniques in nose reconstruction

۵.۱. Forehead flap (Forehead Flap)

This method is used to regenerate nose skin.

The forehead tissue is selected because of the color and thickness of the nose..

۵.۲. Flap Paramadian Flap (Paramedian Forehead Flap)

Used for deep and extensive repair.

Enables accurate regeneration of nose and side walls.

۵.۳. Transplantation of gear cartilage (Costal Cartilage Graft)

In cases where septum cartilage and ear cartilage are inadequate, gear cartilage is used.

The high strength and capability of this cartilage make it suitable for regenerating the nasal framework..

۶. Possible problems and complications

Secondary infection

Bond rejection

Change the shape of the nose

Nasal obstruction

۷. Results and prognosis

Successful nasal reconstruction depends on the surgeon's skill, postoperative care and general condition of the patient.

Using new surgical and tissue transplant techniques has increased success rates.

Most patients experience improvement of respiratory function and normal nose appearance after successful regeneration..

۸. Conclusion

Nasal reconstruction after severe infections is a complex and multi -step process that cooperates with the Ear and Nose Specialists. (ENT), Plastic surgeons and infectious specialists need. Success in these reconstructions, in addition to the surgeon's skill, depends on the strict control of infection, careful planning and the use of advanced surgical techniques..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Damaged nose repair due to impact, accident or other injuries

Introduction

The nose is one of the most common areas of the body due to its central position on the face, which is subject to injuries caused by trauma, accident and other injuries.. Nasal fractures and damage to its internal structures can cause functional problems (Such as respiratory obstruction) And make the appearance of appearance. Nose regeneration after injury, a combination of plastic surgical skills and رینوپلاستی (عمل زیبایی بینی) Is aimed at restoring the normal function of the nose and modifying the appearance of appearance. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan)Different aspects of post -injury nasal reconstruction are discussed, including causes, diagnosis, surgical procedures and postoperative care..

Causes and types of nose damage

Nasal damage can be caused by various factors that are generally divided into three categories.:

Traumatic damage

Straight beat (Fist, falling, dealing with a hard object)

Traffic accidents

Sports injuries (Like football, boxing)

Penetrating injuries

Knife -related wounds or sharp objects

Bullet wounds

Damage caused by previous surgery or medical errors

Complications caused by previous rhinoplasty

Incomplete repair Fractures Previous

Symptoms and symptoms of fracture and nasal damage

Nose damage is usually associated with the following symptoms:

Swelling and bruising around the nose and under the eyes

Nose appearance (Tilting)

nose bleeding (اپیستاکسی)

Nasal obstruction (Difficulty breathing)

Pain and sensitivity to touch

If the exact cause and location of the bleeding cannot be determined, the nasal artery should be surgically blocked. (The formation of blood clots in nasal septum)

Diagnosis of nasal damage

Accurate diagnosis of nasal injuries is essential for proper treatment planning. The following tools are used to evaluate the severity of injury:

1. Clinical examination

By touching and observing the external and internal structures of the nose, the doctor examines swelling, sensitivity and obstruction of the respiratory tracts.

2. Medical imaging

Radiography (X-ray): To evaluate bone fractures

CT Scan (CT scan): To make a closer examination of complex fractures and damage to internal structures

MRI: If suspicious of soft tissue or cartilage damage

Treatment and regeneration methods after injury

1. Non -surgical treatment

In cases of mild injuries, non -surgical treatments include the following:

cold compress: To reduce inflation

Anti -inflammatory and painkiller drugs: To reduce pain and inflammation

Putting the package (Closed Reduction): If the fracture is mild, the nose can be remained with no open surgery..

2. Surgical treatment (Nose regeneration)

Reconstruction surgery is essential in cases of severe injuries or complex fractures. These methods include the following:

(A)) Open (Open Reduction)

In case of complex fractures, the nasal bones are in place with open surgery and under general anesthesia..

(B)) سپتوپلاستی (Septoplasty)

In case of damage to the nose blade (سپتوم), Septoplasty is done to correct respiratory obstruction.

During this procedure, the doctor reconstructs the cartilage and the damaged bone and puts the septum in the correct position..

ج) رینوپلاستی (Rhinoplasty)

Rhinoplasty techniques are used to modify the nasal shape if the nose is deformed..

This procedure may include bone regeneration and cartilage, tissue transplantation and skin correction.

د) Reconstruction using cartilage bonding

If the cartilage or bone disappears may be used, the nasal cartilage may be used to regenerate.

E) Engineer (Turbinectomy)

If mucosa or turbines (Nasal tentacles) They are swollen because of the injury, shrinking them by doing the turbine, and opening the respiratory tract..

Post-operative care

1. Initial actions

Use cold compresses to reduce bruising and swelling

Taking analgesic and anti -inflammatory drugs according to your doctor's prescription

Avoid finishing and pushing to the nose

2. The protection of the reconstructed structure

Avoid heavy exercise and intense physical activity for 6 weeks

Avoid sleeping on the side or on the nose

3. Medical follow -up

Regular examination by a physician to evaluate the condition of recovery

In case of infection or bleeding, immediate referral to your doctor

Possible complications after nose reconstruction

Infection at the surgical site

Hematoma (Blood accumulation in tissues)

Failure to completely modify the nose deformity

Continuous respiratory problems

Damage to the sense of smell

Long -term results of nose recreation

In most cases, nasal reconstruction is successful after injury. Long -term results include the following:

Improve respiratory function and reduce nasal obstruction

Correction of the appearance of the nose

Restore facial symmetry

Increased patient's self -esteem

Conclusion

Post -traumatic nose recreation is a complex process that requires the expertise of plastic surgeons, ear and nose and nose (ENT) Is. Accurate diagnosis, choosing the right treatment and post -operative care play a key role in the success of treatment.

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Damaged nasal repair due to severe burns

Introduction

Severe face burns, especially in the area Nose, Creating serious medical, aesthetic, and psychological challenges for patients. The nose is severely exposed to damage caused by thermal, chemical or electrical burns due to a prominent position on the face.. Severe damage to the nose can cause skin loss, cartilage, and even bone structure that can lead to permanent deformation, disruption of respiratory function, and reduced patient's quality of life.. Nasal reconstruction in these patients is a complex and multi -step process that requires high skills of plastic surgeon and advanced surgical techniques..

In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan), We will examine the various stages of nasal reconstruction, the challenges related to this process, and the common techniques used in patients with severe burns..

Causes and mechanisms of nose damage due to burns

1. Heat burns

Caused by direct contact with flame, hot steam or hot objects

Destruction of the layers of the skin and nose

In severe cases, damage to the cartilage and nasal bone

2. Chemical burns

Exposure to corrosive materials such as acids and bases

Deeper destruction of soft and bone tissues

Necrosis (Tissue death) Wide

3. Electric burns

Damage caused by high -intensity electric current

Imperfect

Damage to the nerves and blood vessels

4. Radiation burns (Radiation)

Long -term exposure to radioactive beams

Damage to superficial and deep tissues

Reducing the capacity of normal regeneration of tissue

The effects caused by damage to the nose

Defect in respiratory function:
Air route blockage due to deformation of cartilage and soft tissues

Chronic infections:
Nasal mucosal destruction, decreased natural defense system and increased risk of infection

Appearance:
Abdomen (SCAR) Wide

Psychological problems:
Reducing self -esteem and social problems due to the deformation of the nose

The initial assessment of the patient

1. Clinical review

A complete nose examination to evaluate the amount of injury

Investigating Air Ducts and Respiratory Performance

Evaluation of appearance and tissue changes

2. Medical imaging

CT scan: To evaluate damage to cartilage and bone

MRI: The examination of soft tissues and depth of burns

Angiography: Assessing blood flow in the nose

3. Functional experiments

Spirometer to check the respiratory function

Checking the opening of airways

Steps of nose reconstruction

1. Primary preparation

Cleansing necrotic tissues (Dead)

Antibiotic Infection Control

Use of special dressings (Like silicone dressings)

Providing hemodynamic stability (The stability of the patient's general condition)

2. Soft tissue regeneration

(A)) Skin transplant (Skin Grafting):

Use healthy skin from other parts of the body (Such as forehead, arm or thighs)

Bond in multiple layers to regenerate depth and flexibility

The use of perfect skin (Full Thickness Skin Graft) For better results

(B)) Skin flaps (Skin Flaps):

Use topical or free flaps to regenerate nose skin

Forehead flap (Forehead Flap) One of the common methods in nose reconstruction

Creating blood vessels in the flap to improve survival and tissue growth

3. Reconstruction of the cartilage structure

(A)) Rather, it is enlarging the nose by creating a bridge over the nose:

The use of gear cartilage, سپتوم (Septum) Or ear

Creating a strong structure to maintain nose shape

Cartilage Stabilization with delicate sutures

(B)) Reconstruction of nasal valves:

Use cartilage to open air paths

Stabilization of the inner and outer nose

4. Reconstruction of the bone skeleton

Regeneration of nasal bones using rib or skull

In severe cases, the use of artificial implants (Titanium or polyethylene)

Bone fixation with small plates and screws

5. Oscar correction and improvement of appearance

In Magazine (Dermabrasion): Reduce the thickness of the scars

Filler Injection: Improvement of the shape and volume of the nose

Laser therapy: Reduce Oscar pigments and improve the appearance of tissues

New techniques in nose reconstruction

1. Stem cell transplantation

Use stem cells to accelerate tissue regeneration

Improves blood supply and reduces inflammation

Stimulate the growth of new cells in the affected area

2. 3D printing (3D Printing):

Design and construction of high precision nose molds

The use of biofuels to rebuild the nasal structure

Reduce the duration of surgery and improve the accuracy of the results

3. Biological implants (Biologic Implants):

Using bio -matrix to rebuild the structure of tissue

Stimulate the natural growth of cells at the location of the transplantation

Possible side effects

The infection: Due to the decline in immune defense in the damaged tissue

Bond backing: Disapproval of skin or cartilage transplantation

Asymmetry: Due to the incomplete healing process

Aerial route tightness: Adhesion of tissue

Clinical results and improvement of performance

Successful nasal reconstruction improves respiratory function and patient appearance.

Increasing self -esteem and improving the quality of life after surgery

Back to day -to -day activities with minimal limitations

Conclusion

Nose reconstruction in patients with severe burns is a major challenge in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Success in this process depends on the accurate evaluation of the extent of injury, proper planning, and the use of advanced surgical techniques. Combining a variety of methods, including skin transplantation, cartilage regeneration, and the use of modern technologies such as 3D printing, can have great aesthetic and functional results..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Comprehensive review

Introduction

Nose regeneration (Nasal Reconstruction) One of the most sophisticated and subtle procedures of plastic surgery is performed for various reasons, including traumatic injuries, tumor surgery, congenital abnormalities, or cosmetic problems.. The purpose of this surgery is to restore respiratory function, improve appearance and balance facial structure. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan), Investigating the two main methods of nasal regeneration using artificial tissues and the patient's own tissues (Autologue) Pay.

Anatomy and nasal function

The nose consists of a complex structure including the skin, muscle, cartilage, bone, mucous membrane and soft tissue. Any damage or defect in these structures can cause respiratory problems, appearance deformation, and functional disorders.. Nose reconstruction requires a precise understanding of the anatomy of the nose and the skill in the regeneration of different layers.:

• The outer layer: Includes soft skin and tissue.
• The middle layer: Includes cartilage and bone that forms a nasal support framework.
• Inner layer: Includes the nose mucus that is essential to maintain moisture and respiratory function.

Nasal reconstruction methods

Two main approaches used to rebuild the nose:

The use of synthetic materials

The use of self -ill tissues (Autologue texture)

1.. The use of synthetic materials in nasal regeneration

Synthetic materials used

Synthetic materials used in nasal regeneration are usually of biological materials (biocompatible) Are made to keep their body tissue back. These materials include the following:

Silicon: Flexible, durable and high -forming

Porous polyethylene (Fellow): Have a porous structure that helps to grow natural tissue

Gortex (Gore-Tex): Light, flexible and resistant to infection

Plateau (PEEK): High strength, pressure resistant

Benefits of using artificial materials

No need to remove tissue from other areas of the body
Reduce the duration of surgery
Careful forming and better control over beauty result
Long -term stability

Disadvantages of using artificial materials

Risk of infection
The possibility of moving or rejecting the implant by the body
Non -compatibility with living tissues. In some cases
Cosmetic problems or sensitivity to touch at planting

2.. The use of self -ill tissues (Autologue texture)

In this method, living tissues from different parts of the patient's body are used to rebuild the nose.. These tissues are usually taken from the following areas:

Tissues used

• Cartilage nasal septum: The best source for rebuilding the internal structure of the nose
• Ear cartilage: Flexible and suitable for regeneration of nose
• Gear cartilage: Firm and stable, suitable for reconstruction Nasal bridge
• Skin texture: Of parts such as forehead or species for outer nose cover
• Muscle fascia: To support soft textures and improve beauty result

The benefits of using autologous tissue

Reducing the risk of rejection of transplantation
Improve tissue integrity and adaptation to natural tissue
More natural results due to the use of living tissues
Reduce the risk of infection and inflammation

Disadvantages of using autologous tissue

Need to remove tissue from other areas of the body (Creating a wound)
Increase the duration of surgery and recovery
The possibility of deforming or analyzing tissue with the passage of time
Limit in the amount of tissue available

Comparison

Synthetic tissue

In some cases, surgeons use synthetic materials and autologous tissues to rebuild the nose.. This combined method encompasses the benefits of both methods:

• Use of gear cartilage or septum cartilage for supportive structure
• Use silicon or gortex implants to set the form and create symmetry
• Use of skin tissue or muscle fassia to cover external

Post -nose recreation care

The following care is recommended to improve the results and reduce the complications after nasal regeneration:

Avoid hitting the nose for up to 3 weeks

Avoid heavy activities to prevent tissue displacement

Take anti -inflammatory and antibiotics based on your doctor's recommendation

Care of sutures to prevent infection

Use nasal spray to prevent dryness and cramps

Conclusion

Nasal reconstruction is selected using synthetic materials or their own tissues, depending on the patient's condition, cosmetic and functional goals, and surgeon's experience.. Due to its higher compatibility and natural results, it is a priority, but artificial materials are also a good option due to ease of use, precision formation and reduction of surgery.. The combination of these two methods can provide more ideal and functional results..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Techniques, bond resources and challenges

Introduction

Nasal reconstruction is one of the most sophisticated and delicate plastic surgery aimed at improving respiratory function and nasal aesthetic function.. This procedure is usually in cases of congenital defects, trauma, complications of previous surgeries (Like unsuccessful rhinoplasty) Or destructive diseases (Like granulomatosis) Done. Since the nose has a complex and complex structural nose, its reconstruction requires the use of suitable transplanted materials to rebuild the skeletal framework.. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan), To check the use of cartilage (Of the nose blade, ear or ribs) And bone (Of the skull or pelvis) We discusrate in rebuilding nasal structure.

Anatomy of the nasal structure

The nose consists of three main parts:

• Bone section: Included.
• The cartilage section: Includes lateral cartilage, septum (Septum) And the cartilage of Alar (Nose wings).
• Softening: Includes skin and subcutaneous tissues that cover the entire nasal structure.

Nose regeneration usually on the skeletal framework (Cretishing and bone) Focuses because these sections are responsible for supporting the shape and function of the nose.

Reasons for the need for nose reconstruction

1. birth defect

Choanal atresia

Cleft lip and palate (Harelip)

Cretishing anomals

2. Trauma and damage

Nasal bone fracture

Damage to Septum And lateral cartilage

3. Previous surgery complications

Nasal deformity after rhinoplasty

Excessive rhinoplasty (Over-Resection)

4. Autoimmune infection

Granulomatosis

Syphilis

Emotion

5. Malignancy

Cobalt cell carcinoma

Melanom

Cartilage and bone sources for nose regeneration

1. Rather, it is enlarging the nose by creating a bridge over the nose

Cartilage due to high flexibility and resistance to re -absorption (Resorption) Used as the main substance in nose reconstruction. The main sources of cartilage bonding are:

(A)) Nasal blade cartilage (سپتوم)

The best option for regeneration, because of the proper strength and shape

Good molding capability

Limited risk for re -absorption

Limit: In the event of previous surgeries, there may not be sufficient tissue

(B)) Ear cartilage (Ear Conkai)

Because of high flexibility and easy access

Suitable for rebuilding nose and delicate structures

Limit: Has less strength than septum cartilage

ج) Gear cartilage

The most powerful and strongest option

Suitable for rebuilding a large framework or in case of severe destruction

Limitations:

Possibility of torsion (Warpage)

Surgical incision in the gear area may cause pain and discomfort

2. Bone grafting

Bone in cases where the need to rebuild the hard structure (Such as bone nose) There is, it is used. The main sources of bone transplantation are:

(A)) Skull bone (Caloria)

Flat and strong structure

High resistance to absorption

Limit: Need complex surgical technique to harvest

(B)) Pelvic bone (Elim)

Bone marrow

High strength and adaptation to the nasal structure

Limit: The possibility of pain and discomfort after harvest

Reconstruction surgery techniques

1. Reconstruction of nasal septum

Use of septum cartilage to repair deviation or defect

If septum cartilage is not available, ear or gear cartilage is used

2. Reconstruction of the Alar structure (Nose wings)

Ear or gear cartilage is commonly used to regenerate alarms

If needed to be more robust, Gear cartilage Used as a reinforcement

3. Reconstruction of the bone part of the nose

In severe fractures, the skull or pelvis is used

A combination of cartilage and bone is used to improve the shape and height of the nose bridge

4. Nasal regeneration

Ear cartilage is commonly used to regenerate the tip of the nose because of its high flexibility

In cases of further consistency, gear cartilage is selected

Challenges and problems of nose regeneration

✅ Religious cartilage torsion

The gear cartilage is prone to twist after transplantation

The use of stabilization techniques with suture or small plates is helpful

✅ Attraction (Resorption) Cartilage or bone

Nasal blade cartilage and skull bone have the least chance of absorbing

Ear cartilage and ribs are more prone to absorbing

✅ Not comparing

Need for accurate molding of bonds

Precision stabilization and symmetry techniques

Conclusion

Nasal reconstruction using cartilage and bone transplantation is an effective and advanced way to correct nasal structural defects.. The selection of transplantation depends on several factors, including defects, surgical history, and the need for strength or flexibility.. Septom cartilage is the first choice due to its high strength and compatibility. In the absence of septum cartilage, ear or rib cartilage, and in cases of larger defects, bone transplants from the skull or pelvis are good options..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Comprehensive Nasal Reconstruction Review After Tumor Removal

Introduction

Nose regeneration After removing the tumor is a complex and sensitive process aimed at restoring the natural appearance of the nose, improving respiratory function and maintaining symmetry and facial beauty.. The nose requires high care and skill in regeneration due to the central position in the face and complex structure including the skin, cartilage, bone and mucosa, after removing the tumor.. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan), Will examine the types of nasal tumors, methods of removing them, and post -surgical reconstruction techniques.

Structure and function of the nose

The nose of the three-layer is formed principal:

• The outer layer (Skin): Protective coating that operates against injuries and environmental factors.
• The middle layer (Cartilage and bone): Support framework that determines the shape and strength of the nose.
• Inner layer (mucus): The interior coating that is responsible for moisturizing air and filtering particles.

Nasal reconstruction after tumor removal requires precise repair of these three layers to restore beauty and natural function..

Types of nose tumors

1. Skin tumors

These tumors usually originate from nasal epidermal cells and are divided into benign and malignant categories.:

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): The most common skin tumor that grows slowly and usually does not metastasis.

Cobalt cell carcinoma (SCC): More aggressive than BCC that may extend to deeper tissues.

Melanom: A type of malignant tumor that originates from skin melanin cells.

2. Car cartilage and bone tumors

Kendroskoma (Chondrosarcoma): Malignant cartilage tumor that usually develops in the nasal septum.

Osteoskoma (Osteosarcoma): Malignant bone tumor that attacks bone tissues.

3. Soft tissue tumors

A hemangioma: Benign tumor derived from blood vessels.

SACCUMA: Tumor of connective tissue that is aggressive and may extend to the surrounding tissues.

Removal methods Tumor

1. Mohassa Surgery (Mohs Surgery)

The most common way to remove skin tumors, especially BCC and SCC.

In this method, the tissue is removed in a layer and at each step with the microscope to ensure complete removal of the tumor..

2. Complete removal with safe margins (Wide Excision)

In this method, the tumor tissue is removed with a margin of the healthy tissue around it..

This procedure is suitable for deep malignant tumors such as melanoma or sarcoma.

3. Endoscopic surgery

Is done for internal tumors of the nose or sinuses.

This method is low -invasive and is done through the nose using a camera and special tools..

The principles of nasal reconstruction after removal of the tumor

Nose reconstruction depends on the three basic principles:

• Structural repair: Restore the strength and shape of the nose using cartilage and bone bond.
• Functional repair: Maintain or restore normal respiratory function.
• Aesthetic repair: Create a natural appearance with proper symmetry and fit with the face.

Nasal reconstruction techniques

1. Reconstruction with cartilage transplantation

Cartilage is usually harvested from the following areas:

Septum

Ear

The ribs

Cartilage to repair septum, blades and Tip of the nose Used to be.

2. Regeneration with bone grafting

Bone is usually harvested from the following areas:

Skull

The ribs

Other parts of the nose

Used to rebuild the bridge and the main nose framework.

3. Skin flaps (Skin Flaps)

Forehead flap (Forehead Flap):

Use of forehead skin to regenerate large nasal parts.

This flap offers natural results due to the color and texture of the nose..

Nazolbial flap (Nasolabial Flap):

The use of the skin of the area next to the nose.

Suitable for rebuilding blades and sides of the nose.

4. Skin transplant (Skin Grafts)

Skin from other areas of the body (Like the back of the ear, arm or thighs) It is removed.

Used to repair nasal surface coating.

Reconstruction steps

• first stage: Complete tumor removal and survey of residual tissues to ensure complete elimination of cancer cells.
  second stage: Repair of nasal structure with cartilage and bone bond.
  third level: Reconstruction of skin layers using skin flaps or skin transplantation.
  The fourth stage: Final reforms to improve respiratory function and natural appearance.

Challenges in nose reconstruction

Reduce blood supply: After the tumor removal, blood flow to the nose may decrease.

Mismatch: Matching the color of the forehead or other areas with the nasal skin is challenging.

Reduce respiratory function: Incorrect regeneration may cause nasal duct obstruction.

Results and prognosis

Structural success: Using cartilage and bone, the natural shape of the nose is usually returned.
Performance improvement: Restore natural respiratory function by reconstruction of septum and nasal ducts.
Aesthetic satisfaction: If the reconstruction is done carefully, the beauty results are usually satisfactory.

Conclusion

Nasal reconstruction after tumor removal is a complex and specialized process that requires a deep understanding of anatomy, surgical skills and aesthetic art.. The use of advanced techniques such as cartilage transplantation, bone, skin flaps and skin transplantation improves respiratory function, restore natural structure, and achieve excellent aesthetic results.. Cooperation between plastic surgeon, ear and nose surgeon (ENT) And dermatologist is essential to improve the final results.

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Comprehensive review

Introduction

The nose as a vital member in the human respiratory and sensory system plays a key role in breathing, smell, air temperature regulation and humidity.. Any disturbance in normal nasal function can lead to serious problems in one's quality of life. Nasal surgeries, especially hybrid surgeries such as rhinoplasty (Correcting the appearance of the nose) And the turbine (Nasal tentacles modification), In addition to improving beauty, they should be focused on maintaining or improving normal nasal function. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan)The importance of maintaining nasal function in combined surgeries and strategies to prevent functional complications.

The vital role of the nose in normal body functioning

1. Respiratory function

Nose is the first route of air entry into the respiratory system. The nose's main roles in the breathing process include the following:

Air filtration: Hair and nose mucosa trap external particles, dust and pathogens.

Warm and moisturize air: The rich vascular grid and the mucosal glands in the nose bring air to body temperature and moisturize.

Adjusting airflow: Nasal tentacles (Turbines) By adjusting the air passage, they distribute it properly in the lungs..

2. Smell performance

The olfactory receptor cells on the roof of the nasal cavity detect the odor molecules and send it to the brain.. Maintaining this performance, especially in people who depend on the quality of the sense of smell (Like chefs), Is very important.

3. Defensive performance

Mucus secretion and activity (cilia) It eliminates the pathogens and external particles from the respiratory tracts.

Nose with the production of nitric oxide (NO)Helps dilate pulmonary vessels and improve oxygenation.

The goals of nasal composite surgery

1. رینوپلاستی (Rhinoplasty)

رینوپلاستی Usually with the aim of correcting the appearance of the nose (Decrease or increase size, deflection and structural abnormalities) Done. However, this surgery should not cause obstruction or disorder in the respiratory tract.

2. Engineer (Turbinectomy or Turbinoplasty)

Turbine with the aim of shrinking or adjusting the turbines (Nasal tentacles) Is done to improve airflow. If this action is too aggressive, it may lead to “Empty nose syndrome (ENS)” Be associated with dryness, burning and feeling of false obstruction.

3. سپتوپلاستی (Septoplasty)

Correction of deviated nasal septum (سپتوم) Usually performed to improve respiratory function. Septoplasty composition with rhinoplasty and turbine requires high skill in maintaining structural and functional balance of the nose.

Challenges to maintain nasal function in hybrid surgery

1. Nasal obstruction after surgery

Tissue swelling and scar formation may limit air passageway.

Excessive correction (Like severe shrinkage of turbines) May lead to a reduced airflow of inlet air.

2. Empty nose syndrome (ENS)

ENS occurs because of over -removal of turbines. This condition reduces feedback from air flow sensors and a sense of false obstruction..

Chronic dryness and impaired air humidity regulation are common symptoms of ENS.

3. Decreased sense of smell

Damage to the nerves of the olfactory or obstruction of the odor molecules to the receptors may reduce or destroy the sense of smell..

Surgery in the upper part of the nasal cavity, especially in the posterior area, increases the risk of damage to the olfactory function..

4. Nasal structural instability

Overdose of cartilage or bone may cause a drooping or dynamic obstruction of the respiratory pathway.

Carilary structure weakness causes the collapse of nasal valves (nasal valve) And difficult to breathe.

Solutions to preserve normal nasal function in combined surgeries

1. Pre -surgical planning

Complete evaluation of nasal structure through CT scans and rhinoanometrics (Measuring air flow).

Careful examination of respiratory and olfactory function.

Simulation of surgery with 3D software.

2. Protects vital nose structures

Maintaining lower turbines as much as possible.

Septom and turbine modification in a minimal and conservative manner.

Use of cartilage bonds (graft) To support the nose structure.

3. Precise and low -income surgical techniques

Use open or closed techniques based on individual conditions.

Prevent over -removal of cartilage and bone.

Preservation and reinforcement.

4. Post-surgery care

Use salt solutions to moisturize the mucosa.

Control of inflammation with anti -inflammatory drugs and steroids.

Evaluation of respiratory performance and smell in follow -up sessions.

Studies and clinical results

Studies have shown that:

In 1 % of patients, rhinoplasty and septoplasty improves the appearance and respiratory function simultaneously..

About 1-5 % of patients develop ENS after extensive turbulence.

Use of cartilage bonds (Especially from ear cartilage) In hybrid surgeries, it reduced the likelihood of structural collapse and respiratory obstruction by 5 %..

summary

Nasal Combined Surgery Although aimed at improving the appearance and function of the nose, any structural changes in the nose should be maintained by maintaining its normal function. (Breathing, smelling and adjusting airflow) to be accompanied. Pre -surgical evaluation, selection of conservative techniques, and post -surgical care play a key role in the long -term success of these surgeries..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af