Repair of injuries caused by bacterial or fungal infections

Introduction

The nose plays an essential role in respiratory function, sense of smell, and facial appearance. However, severe bacterial or fungal infections can be destroyed by nasal tissue, deformity (Badness) And disruption to respiratory dysfunction. Nasal reconstruction after these injuries has complex challenges because it has a 3D and sensitive structural nose that needs to be successful and highly skilled to reconstruct the surgical care.. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan)Examines the causes, surgical processes, and nasal regeneration techniques after severe infections.

1.. Causes and causes of severe nasal infections

۱.۱. Bacterial infections

Severe bacterial infections can cause necrosis (Tissue death), Swelling and forming an abscess. One of the common bacteria that can lead to severe nose infection is:

Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus)

Streptococcus Pygenz (Streptococcus pyogenes)

Pseudomonas aeroginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

۱.۲. Fungal infections

Fungal infections, especially in people with immune system weaknesses (Such as diabetic patients, cancer patients, or people treated with immune suppressing drugs) Can cause nasal tissue necrosis. The most common pathogenic fungi are:

Moro (Mucor)

Aspergillus (Aspergillus)

Candidate (Candida)

۱.۳. Talented factors

Diabetes is not controlled

Immune defect (HIV, Cancer, Immunosepingo Drugs)

A history of surgery or trauma to the nose

Long -term use of steroids

Healthy conditions

2.. Damage caused by severe infections

۲.۱. Soft tissue damage

Severe bacterial or fungal infections can lead to:

Swelling

Necrosis (Tissue death)

Fistula formation (Abnormal relationship between nasal cavity and other spaces)

۲.۲. Structural damage

Severe infections can damage the following structures:

nasal septum → septum deviation and respiratory problems

Cartilage → Deformiti (For example Sadde Nose)

Skin and soft tissue → thinning and disappearing of nose skin

۳. Initial diagnosis and evaluation

۳.۱. Clinical examination

Assessing the shape and function of the nose

Airway blockage check

Evaluation

۳.۲. Imaging tests

CT Scan (CT Scan) → to evaluate the amount of bone destruction

MRI → To check for soft tissue damage and blood vessels

۳.۳. Cultivation and biopsy

Sampling of damaged tissue to diagnose the type of infectious agent (Bacteria or fungus)

An antibiotic sensitivity test

4.. Stages of nasal regeneration after severe infections

۴.۱. first stage: Infection control

At this stage, the goal is to prevent infection progress and maintain healthy tissue:

Antibiotic or antifungal treatment based on cultivation results

Surgical debris (Removing necrotic tissue)

Control of underlying factors (Such as control of blood glucose in diabetes)

۴.۲. second stage: Structural reconstruction

After complete control of the infection, the reconstruction phase begins:

۴.۲.۱. Rather, it is enlarging the nose by creating a bridge over the nose

Cartilage from nasal septum (If it is healthy), Lifted ear or ribs and used to rebuild the nasal framework.

۴.۲.۲. Soft tissue transplant

The use of topical flaps (Local Flaps)

Use free flaps (Free Flaps) From the forehead or species area

۴.۲.۳. Regeneration

Using the mucous membrane or soft tissue transplant to regenerate the inner surface of the nose

۴.۳. third level: Cosmetic and functional regeneration

At this point focus is on improving the appearance of the nose and respiratory function:

جراحی زیبایی (رینوپلاستی) → to correct nose form

Skin transplant → to improve the appearance of nasal skin surface

5. Common techniques in nose reconstruction

۵.۱. Forehead flap (Forehead Flap)

This method is used to regenerate nose skin.

The forehead tissue is selected because of the color and thickness of the nose..

۵.۲. Flap Paramadian Flap (Paramedian Forehead Flap)

Used for deep and extensive repair.

Enables accurate regeneration of nose and side walls.

۵.۳. Transplantation of gear cartilage (Costal Cartilage Graft)

In cases where septum cartilage and ear cartilage are inadequate, gear cartilage is used.

The high strength and capability of this cartilage make it suitable for regenerating the nasal framework..

۶. Possible problems and complications

Secondary infection

Bond rejection

Change the shape of the nose

Nasal obstruction

۷. Results and prognosis

Successful nasal reconstruction depends on the surgeon's skill, postoperative care and general condition of the patient.

Using new surgical and tissue transplant techniques has increased success rates.

Most patients experience improvement of respiratory function and normal nose appearance after successful regeneration..

۸. Conclusion

Nasal reconstruction after severe infections is a complex and multi -step process that cooperates with the Ear and Nose Specialists. (ENT), Plastic surgeons and infectious specialists need. Success in these reconstructions, in addition to the surgeon's skill, depends on the strict control of infection, careful planning and the use of advanced surgical techniques..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Damaged nose repair due to impact, accident or other injuries

Introduction

The nose is one of the most common areas of the body due to its central position on the face, which is subject to injuries caused by trauma, accident and other injuries.. Nasal fractures and damage to its internal structures can cause functional problems (Such as respiratory obstruction) And make the appearance of appearance. Nose regeneration after injury, a combination of plastic surgical skills and رینوپلاستی (عمل زیبایی بینی) Is aimed at restoring the normal function of the nose and modifying the appearance of appearance. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan)Different aspects of post -injury nasal reconstruction are discussed, including causes, diagnosis, surgical procedures and postoperative care..

Causes and types of nose damage

Nasal damage can be caused by various factors that are generally divided into three categories.:

Traumatic damage

Straight beat (Fist, falling, dealing with a hard object)

Traffic accidents

Sports injuries (Like football, boxing)

Penetrating injuries

Knife -related wounds or sharp objects

Bullet wounds

Damage caused by previous surgery or medical errors

Complications caused by previous rhinoplasty

Incomplete repair Fractures Previous

Symptoms and symptoms of fracture and nasal damage

Nose damage is usually associated with the following symptoms:

Swelling and bruising around the nose and under the eyes

Nose appearance (Tilting)

nose bleeding (اپیستاکسی)

Nasal obstruction (Difficulty breathing)

Pain and sensitivity to touch

If the exact cause and location of the bleeding cannot be determined, the nasal artery should be surgically blocked. (The formation of blood clots in nasal septum)

Diagnosis of nasal damage

Accurate diagnosis of nasal injuries is essential for proper treatment planning. The following tools are used to evaluate the severity of injury:

1. Clinical examination

By touching and observing the external and internal structures of the nose, the doctor examines swelling, sensitivity and obstruction of the respiratory tracts.

2. Medical imaging

Radiography (X-ray): To evaluate bone fractures

CT Scan (CT scan): To make a closer examination of complex fractures and damage to internal structures

MRI: If suspicious of soft tissue or cartilage damage

Treatment and regeneration methods after injury

1. Non -surgical treatment

In cases of mild injuries, non -surgical treatments include the following:

cold compress: To reduce inflation

Anti -inflammatory and painkiller drugs: To reduce pain and inflammation

Putting the package (Closed Reduction): If the fracture is mild, the nose can be remained with no open surgery..

2. Surgical treatment (Nose regeneration)

Reconstruction surgery is essential in cases of severe injuries or complex fractures. These methods include the following:

(A)) Open (Open Reduction)

In case of complex fractures, the nasal bones are in place with open surgery and under general anesthesia..

(B)) سپتوپلاستی (Septoplasty)

In case of damage to the nose blade (سپتوم), Septoplasty is done to correct respiratory obstruction.

During this procedure, the doctor reconstructs the cartilage and the damaged bone and puts the septum in the correct position..

ج) رینوپلاستی (Rhinoplasty)

Rhinoplasty techniques are used to modify the nasal shape if the nose is deformed..

This procedure may include bone regeneration and cartilage, tissue transplantation and skin correction.

د) Reconstruction using cartilage bonding

If the cartilage or bone disappears may be used, the nasal cartilage may be used to regenerate.

E) Engineer (Turbinectomy)

If mucosa or turbines (Nasal tentacles) They are swollen because of the injury, shrinking them by doing the turbine, and opening the respiratory tract..

Post-operative care

1. Initial actions

Use cold compresses to reduce bruising and swelling

Taking analgesic and anti -inflammatory drugs according to your doctor's prescription

Avoid finishing and pushing to the nose

2. The protection of the reconstructed structure

Avoid heavy exercise and intense physical activity for 6 weeks

Avoid sleeping on the side or on the nose

3. Medical follow -up

Regular examination by a physician to evaluate the condition of recovery

In case of infection or bleeding, immediate referral to your doctor

Possible complications after nose reconstruction

Infection at the surgical site

Hematoma (Blood accumulation in tissues)

Failure to completely modify the nose deformity

Continuous respiratory problems

Damage to the sense of smell

Long -term results of nose recreation

In most cases, nasal reconstruction is successful after injury. Long -term results include the following:

Improve respiratory function and reduce nasal obstruction

Correction of the appearance of the nose

Restore facial symmetry

Increased patient's self -esteem

Conclusion

Post -traumatic nose recreation is a complex process that requires the expertise of plastic surgeons, ear and nose and nose (ENT) Is. Accurate diagnosis, choosing the right treatment and post -operative care play a key role in the success of treatment.

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Damaged nasal repair due to severe burns

Introduction

Severe face burns, especially in the area Nose, Creating serious medical, aesthetic, and psychological challenges for patients. The nose is severely exposed to damage caused by thermal, chemical or electrical burns due to a prominent position on the face.. Severe damage to the nose can cause skin loss, cartilage, and even bone structure that can lead to permanent deformation, disruption of respiratory function, and reduced patient's quality of life.. Nasal reconstruction in these patients is a complex and multi -step process that requires high skills of plastic surgeon and advanced surgical techniques..

In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan), We will examine the various stages of nasal reconstruction, the challenges related to this process, and the common techniques used in patients with severe burns..

Causes and mechanisms of nose damage due to burns

1. Heat burns

Caused by direct contact with flame, hot steam or hot objects

Destruction of the layers of the skin and nose

In severe cases, damage to the cartilage and nasal bone

2. Chemical burns

Exposure to corrosive materials such as acids and bases

Deeper destruction of soft and bone tissues

Necrosis (Tissue death) Wide

3. Electric burns

Damage caused by high -intensity electric current

Imperfect

Damage to the nerves and blood vessels

4. Radiation burns (Radiation)

Long -term exposure to radioactive beams

Damage to superficial and deep tissues

Reducing the capacity of normal regeneration of tissue

The effects caused by damage to the nose

Defect in respiratory function:
Air route blockage due to deformation of cartilage and soft tissues

Chronic infections:
Nasal mucosal destruction, decreased natural defense system and increased risk of infection

Appearance:
Abdomen (SCAR) Wide

Psychological problems:
Reducing self -esteem and social problems due to the deformation of the nose

The initial assessment of the patient

1. Clinical review

A complete nose examination to evaluate the amount of injury

Investigating Air Ducts and Respiratory Performance

Evaluation of appearance and tissue changes

2. Medical imaging

CT scan: To evaluate damage to cartilage and bone

MRI: The examination of soft tissues and depth of burns

Angiography: Assessing blood flow in the nose

3. Functional experiments

Spirometer to check the respiratory function

Checking the opening of airways

Steps of nose reconstruction

1. Primary preparation

Cleansing necrotic tissues (Dead)

Antibiotic Infection Control

Use of special dressings (Like silicone dressings)

Providing hemodynamic stability (The stability of the patient's general condition)

2. Soft tissue regeneration

(A)) Skin transplant (Skin Grafting):

Use healthy skin from other parts of the body (Such as forehead, arm or thighs)

Bond in multiple layers to regenerate depth and flexibility

The use of perfect skin (Full Thickness Skin Graft) For better results

(B)) Skin flaps (Skin Flaps):

Use topical or free flaps to regenerate nose skin

Forehead flap (Forehead Flap) One of the common methods in nose reconstruction

Creating blood vessels in the flap to improve survival and tissue growth

3. Reconstruction of the cartilage structure

(A)) Rather, it is enlarging the nose by creating a bridge over the nose:

The use of gear cartilage, سپتوم (Septum) Or ear

Creating a strong structure to maintain nose shape

Cartilage Stabilization with delicate sutures

(B)) Reconstruction of nasal valves:

Use cartilage to open air paths

Stabilization of the inner and outer nose

4. Reconstruction of the bone skeleton

Regeneration of nasal bones using rib or skull

In severe cases, the use of artificial implants (Titanium or polyethylene)

Bone fixation with small plates and screws

5. Oscar correction and improvement of appearance

In Magazine (Dermabrasion): Reduce the thickness of the scars

Filler Injection: Improvement of the shape and volume of the nose

Laser therapy: Reduce Oscar pigments and improve the appearance of tissues

New techniques in nose reconstruction

1. Stem cell transplantation

Use stem cells to accelerate tissue regeneration

Improves blood supply and reduces inflammation

Stimulate the growth of new cells in the affected area

2. 3D printing (3D Printing):

Design and construction of high precision nose molds

The use of biofuels to rebuild the nasal structure

Reduce the duration of surgery and improve the accuracy of the results

3. Biological implants (Biologic Implants):

Using bio -matrix to rebuild the structure of tissue

Stimulate the natural growth of cells at the location of the transplantation

Possible side effects

The infection: Due to the decline in immune defense in the damaged tissue

Bond backing: Disapproval of skin or cartilage transplantation

Asymmetry: Due to the incomplete healing process

Aerial route tightness: Adhesion of tissue

Clinical results and improvement of performance

Successful nasal reconstruction improves respiratory function and patient appearance.

Increasing self -esteem and improving the quality of life after surgery

Back to day -to -day activities with minimal limitations

Conclusion

Nose reconstruction in patients with severe burns is a major challenge in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Success in this process depends on the accurate evaluation of the extent of injury, proper planning, and the use of advanced surgical techniques. Combining a variety of methods, including skin transplantation, cartilage regeneration, and the use of modern technologies such as 3D printing, can have great aesthetic and functional results..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Comprehensive review

Introduction

Nose regeneration (Nasal Reconstruction) One of the most sophisticated and subtle procedures of plastic surgery is performed for various reasons, including traumatic injuries, tumor surgery, congenital abnormalities, or cosmetic problems.. The purpose of this surgery is to restore respiratory function, improve appearance and balance facial structure. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan), Investigating the two main methods of nasal regeneration using artificial tissues and the patient's own tissues (Autologue) Pay.

Anatomy and nasal function

The nose consists of a complex structure including the skin, muscle, cartilage, bone, mucous membrane and soft tissue. Any damage or defect in these structures can cause respiratory problems, appearance deformation, and functional disorders.. Nose reconstruction requires a precise understanding of the anatomy of the nose and the skill in the regeneration of different layers.:

• The outer layer: Includes soft skin and tissue.
• The middle layer: Includes cartilage and bone that forms a nasal support framework.
• Inner layer: Includes the nose mucus that is essential to maintain moisture and respiratory function.

Nasal reconstruction methods

Two main approaches used to rebuild the nose:

The use of synthetic materials

The use of self -ill tissues (Autologue texture)

1.. The use of synthetic materials in nasal regeneration

Synthetic materials used

Synthetic materials used in nasal regeneration are usually of biological materials (biocompatible) Are made to keep their body tissue back. These materials include the following:

Silicon: Flexible, durable and high -forming

Porous polyethylene (Fellow): Have a porous structure that helps to grow natural tissue

Gortex (Gore-Tex): Light, flexible and resistant to infection

Plateau (PEEK): High strength, pressure resistant

Benefits of using artificial materials

No need to remove tissue from other areas of the body
Reduce the duration of surgery
Careful forming and better control over beauty result
Long -term stability

Disadvantages of using artificial materials

Risk of infection
The possibility of moving or rejecting the implant by the body
Non -compatibility with living tissues. In some cases
Cosmetic problems or sensitivity to touch at planting

2.. The use of self -ill tissues (Autologue texture)

In this method, living tissues from different parts of the patient's body are used to rebuild the nose.. These tissues are usually taken from the following areas:

Tissues used

• Cartilage nasal septum: The best source for rebuilding the internal structure of the nose
• Ear cartilage: Flexible and suitable for regeneration of nose
• Gear cartilage: Firm and stable, suitable for reconstruction Nasal bridge
• Skin texture: Of parts such as forehead or species for outer nose cover
• Muscle fascia: To support soft textures and improve beauty result

The benefits of using autologous tissue

Reducing the risk of rejection of transplantation
Improve tissue integrity and adaptation to natural tissue
More natural results due to the use of living tissues
Reduce the risk of infection and inflammation

Disadvantages of using autologous tissue

Need to remove tissue from other areas of the body (Creating a wound)
Increase the duration of surgery and recovery
The possibility of deforming or analyzing tissue with the passage of time
Limit in the amount of tissue available

Comparison

Synthetic tissue

In some cases, surgeons use synthetic materials and autologous tissues to rebuild the nose.. This combined method encompasses the benefits of both methods:

• Use of gear cartilage or septum cartilage for supportive structure
• Use silicon or gortex implants to set the form and create symmetry
• Use of skin tissue or muscle fassia to cover external

Post -nose recreation care

The following care is recommended to improve the results and reduce the complications after nasal regeneration:

Avoid hitting the nose for up to 3 weeks

Avoid heavy activities to prevent tissue displacement

Take anti -inflammatory and antibiotics based on your doctor's recommendation

Care of sutures to prevent infection

Use nasal spray to prevent dryness and cramps

Conclusion

Nasal reconstruction is selected using synthetic materials or their own tissues, depending on the patient's condition, cosmetic and functional goals, and surgeon's experience.. Due to its higher compatibility and natural results, it is a priority, but artificial materials are also a good option due to ease of use, precision formation and reduction of surgery.. The combination of these two methods can provide more ideal and functional results..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Techniques, bond resources and challenges

Introduction

Nasal reconstruction is one of the most sophisticated and delicate plastic surgery aimed at improving respiratory function and nasal aesthetic function.. This procedure is usually in cases of congenital defects, trauma, complications of previous surgeries (Like unsuccessful rhinoplasty) Or destructive diseases (Like granulomatosis) Done. Since the nose has a complex and complex structural nose, its reconstruction requires the use of suitable transplanted materials to rebuild the skeletal framework.. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan), To check the use of cartilage (Of the nose blade, ear or ribs) And bone (Of the skull or pelvis) We discusrate in rebuilding nasal structure.

Anatomy of the nasal structure

The nose consists of three main parts:

• Bone section: Included.
• The cartilage section: Includes lateral cartilage, septum (Septum) And the cartilage of Alar (Nose wings).
• Softening: Includes skin and subcutaneous tissues that cover the entire nasal structure.

Nose regeneration usually on the skeletal framework (Cretishing and bone) Focuses because these sections are responsible for supporting the shape and function of the nose.

Reasons for the need for nose reconstruction

1. birth defect

Choanal atresia

Cleft lip and palate (Harelip)

Cretishing anomals

2. Trauma and damage

Nasal bone fracture

Damage to Septum And lateral cartilage

3. Previous surgery complications

Nasal deformity after rhinoplasty

Excessive rhinoplasty (Over-Resection)

4. Autoimmune infection

Granulomatosis

Syphilis

Emotion

5. Malignancy

Cobalt cell carcinoma

Melanom

Cartilage and bone sources for nose regeneration

1. Rather, it is enlarging the nose by creating a bridge over the nose

Cartilage due to high flexibility and resistance to re -absorption (Resorption) Used as the main substance in nose reconstruction. The main sources of cartilage bonding are:

(A)) Nasal blade cartilage (سپتوم)

The best option for regeneration, because of the proper strength and shape

Good molding capability

Limited risk for re -absorption

Limit: In the event of previous surgeries, there may not be sufficient tissue

(B)) Ear cartilage (Ear Conkai)

Because of high flexibility and easy access

Suitable for rebuilding nose and delicate structures

Limit: Has less strength than septum cartilage

ج) Gear cartilage

The most powerful and strongest option

Suitable for rebuilding a large framework or in case of severe destruction

Limitations:

Possibility of torsion (Warpage)

Surgical incision in the gear area may cause pain and discomfort

2. Bone grafting

Bone in cases where the need to rebuild the hard structure (Such as bone nose) There is, it is used. The main sources of bone transplantation are:

(A)) Skull bone (Caloria)

Flat and strong structure

High resistance to absorption

Limit: Need complex surgical technique to harvest

(B)) Pelvic bone (Elim)

Bone marrow

High strength and adaptation to the nasal structure

Limit: The possibility of pain and discomfort after harvest

Reconstruction surgery techniques

1. Reconstruction of nasal septum

Use of septum cartilage to repair deviation or defect

If septum cartilage is not available, ear or gear cartilage is used

2. Reconstruction of the Alar structure (Nose wings)

Ear or gear cartilage is commonly used to regenerate alarms

If needed to be more robust, Gear cartilage Used as a reinforcement

3. Reconstruction of the bone part of the nose

In severe fractures, the skull or pelvis is used

A combination of cartilage and bone is used to improve the shape and height of the nose bridge

4. Nasal regeneration

Ear cartilage is commonly used to regenerate the tip of the nose because of its high flexibility

In cases of further consistency, gear cartilage is selected

Challenges and problems of nose regeneration

✅ Religious cartilage torsion

The gear cartilage is prone to twist after transplantation

The use of stabilization techniques with suture or small plates is helpful

✅ Attraction (Resorption) Cartilage or bone

Nasal blade cartilage and skull bone have the least chance of absorbing

Ear cartilage and ribs are more prone to absorbing

✅ Not comparing

Need for accurate molding of bonds

Precision stabilization and symmetry techniques

Conclusion

Nasal reconstruction using cartilage and bone transplantation is an effective and advanced way to correct nasal structural defects.. The selection of transplantation depends on several factors, including defects, surgical history, and the need for strength or flexibility.. Septom cartilage is the first choice due to its high strength and compatibility. In the absence of septum cartilage, ear or rib cartilage, and in cases of larger defects, bone transplants from the skull or pelvis are good options..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Comprehensive Nasal Reconstruction Review After Tumor Removal

Introduction

Nose regeneration After removing the tumor is a complex and sensitive process aimed at restoring the natural appearance of the nose, improving respiratory function and maintaining symmetry and facial beauty.. The nose requires high care and skill in regeneration due to the central position in the face and complex structure including the skin, cartilage, bone and mucosa, after removing the tumor.. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan), Will examine the types of nasal tumors, methods of removing them, and post -surgical reconstruction techniques.

Structure and function of the nose

The nose of the three-layer is formed principal:

• The outer layer (Skin): Protective coating that operates against injuries and environmental factors.
• The middle layer (Cartilage and bone): Support framework that determines the shape and strength of the nose.
• Inner layer (mucus): The interior coating that is responsible for moisturizing air and filtering particles.

Nasal reconstruction after tumor removal requires precise repair of these three layers to restore beauty and natural function..

Types of nose tumors

1. Skin tumors

These tumors usually originate from nasal epidermal cells and are divided into benign and malignant categories.:

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): The most common skin tumor that grows slowly and usually does not metastasis.

Cobalt cell carcinoma (SCC): More aggressive than BCC that may extend to deeper tissues.

Melanom: A type of malignant tumor that originates from skin melanin cells.

2. Car cartilage and bone tumors

Kendroskoma (Chondrosarcoma): Malignant cartilage tumor that usually develops in the nasal septum.

Osteoskoma (Osteosarcoma): Malignant bone tumor that attacks bone tissues.

3. Soft tissue tumors

A hemangioma: Benign tumor derived from blood vessels.

SACCUMA: Tumor of connective tissue that is aggressive and may extend to the surrounding tissues.

Removal methods Tumor

1. Mohassa Surgery (Mohs Surgery)

The most common way to remove skin tumors, especially BCC and SCC.

In this method, the tissue is removed in a layer and at each step with the microscope to ensure complete removal of the tumor..

2. Complete removal with safe margins (Wide Excision)

In this method, the tumor tissue is removed with a margin of the healthy tissue around it..

This procedure is suitable for deep malignant tumors such as melanoma or sarcoma.

3. Endoscopic surgery

Is done for internal tumors of the nose or sinuses.

This method is low -invasive and is done through the nose using a camera and special tools..

The principles of nasal reconstruction after removal of the tumor

Nose reconstruction depends on the three basic principles:

• Structural repair: Restore the strength and shape of the nose using cartilage and bone bond.
• Functional repair: Maintain or restore normal respiratory function.
• Aesthetic repair: Create a natural appearance with proper symmetry and fit with the face.

Nasal reconstruction techniques

1. Reconstruction with cartilage transplantation

Cartilage is usually harvested from the following areas:

Septum

Ear

The ribs

Cartilage to repair septum, blades and Tip of the nose Used to be.

2. Regeneration with bone grafting

Bone is usually harvested from the following areas:

Skull

The ribs

Other parts of the nose

Used to rebuild the bridge and the main nose framework.

3. Skin flaps (Skin Flaps)

Forehead flap (Forehead Flap):

Use of forehead skin to regenerate large nasal parts.

This flap offers natural results due to the color and texture of the nose..

Nazolbial flap (Nasolabial Flap):

The use of the skin of the area next to the nose.

Suitable for rebuilding blades and sides of the nose.

4. Skin transplant (Skin Grafts)

Skin from other areas of the body (Like the back of the ear, arm or thighs) It is removed.

Used to repair nasal surface coating.

Reconstruction steps

• first stage: Complete tumor removal and survey of residual tissues to ensure complete elimination of cancer cells.
  second stage: Repair of nasal structure with cartilage and bone bond.
  third level: Reconstruction of skin layers using skin flaps or skin transplantation.
  The fourth stage: Final reforms to improve respiratory function and natural appearance.

Challenges in nose reconstruction

Reduce blood supply: After the tumor removal, blood flow to the nose may decrease.

Mismatch: Matching the color of the forehead or other areas with the nasal skin is challenging.

Reduce respiratory function: Incorrect regeneration may cause nasal duct obstruction.

Results and prognosis

Structural success: Using cartilage and bone, the natural shape of the nose is usually returned.
Performance improvement: Restore natural respiratory function by reconstruction of septum and nasal ducts.
Aesthetic satisfaction: If the reconstruction is done carefully, the beauty results are usually satisfactory.

Conclusion

Nasal reconstruction after tumor removal is a complex and specialized process that requires a deep understanding of anatomy, surgical skills and aesthetic art.. The use of advanced techniques such as cartilage transplantation, bone, skin flaps and skin transplantation improves respiratory function, restore natural structure, and achieve excellent aesthetic results.. Cooperation between plastic surgeon, ear and nose surgeon (ENT) And dermatologist is essential to improve the final results.

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Comprehensive review

Introduction

The nose as a vital member in the human respiratory and sensory system plays a key role in breathing, smell, air temperature regulation and humidity.. Any disturbance in normal nasal function can lead to serious problems in one's quality of life. Nasal surgeries, especially hybrid surgeries such as rhinoplasty (Correcting the appearance of the nose) And the turbine (Nasal tentacles modification), In addition to improving beauty, they should be focused on maintaining or improving normal nasal function. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan)The importance of maintaining nasal function in combined surgeries and strategies to prevent functional complications.

The vital role of the nose in normal body functioning

1. Respiratory function

Nose is the first route of air entry into the respiratory system. The nose's main roles in the breathing process include the following:

Air filtration: Hair and nose mucosa trap external particles, dust and pathogens.

Warm and moisturize air: The rich vascular grid and the mucosal glands in the nose bring air to body temperature and moisturize.

Adjusting airflow: Nasal tentacles (Turbines) By adjusting the air passage, they distribute it properly in the lungs..

2. Smell performance

The olfactory receptor cells on the roof of the nasal cavity detect the odor molecules and send it to the brain.. Maintaining this performance, especially in people who depend on the quality of the sense of smell (Like chefs), Is very important.

3. Defensive performance

Mucus secretion and activity (cilia) It eliminates the pathogens and external particles from the respiratory tracts.

Nose with the production of nitric oxide (NO)Helps dilate pulmonary vessels and improve oxygenation.

The goals of nasal composite surgery

1. رینوپلاستی (Rhinoplasty)

رینوپلاستی Usually with the aim of correcting the appearance of the nose (Decrease or increase size, deflection and structural abnormalities) Done. However, this surgery should not cause obstruction or disorder in the respiratory tract.

2. Engineer (Turbinectomy or Turbinoplasty)

Turbine with the aim of shrinking or adjusting the turbines (Nasal tentacles) Is done to improve airflow. If this action is too aggressive, it may lead to “Empty nose syndrome (ENS)” Be associated with dryness, burning and feeling of false obstruction.

3. سپتوپلاستی (Septoplasty)

Correction of deviated nasal septum (سپتوم) Usually performed to improve respiratory function. Septoplasty composition with rhinoplasty and turbine requires high skill in maintaining structural and functional balance of the nose.

Challenges to maintain nasal function in hybrid surgery

1. Nasal obstruction after surgery

Tissue swelling and scar formation may limit air passageway.

Excessive correction (Like severe shrinkage of turbines) May lead to a reduced airflow of inlet air.

2. Empty nose syndrome (ENS)

ENS occurs because of over -removal of turbines. This condition reduces feedback from air flow sensors and a sense of false obstruction..

Chronic dryness and impaired air humidity regulation are common symptoms of ENS.

3. Decreased sense of smell

Damage to the nerves of the olfactory or obstruction of the odor molecules to the receptors may reduce or destroy the sense of smell..

Surgery in the upper part of the nasal cavity, especially in the posterior area, increases the risk of damage to the olfactory function..

4. Nasal structural instability

Overdose of cartilage or bone may cause a drooping or dynamic obstruction of the respiratory pathway.

Carilary structure weakness causes the collapse of nasal valves (nasal valve) And difficult to breathe.

Solutions to preserve normal nasal function in combined surgeries

1. Pre -surgical planning

Complete evaluation of nasal structure through CT scans and rhinoanometrics (Measuring air flow).

Careful examination of respiratory and olfactory function.

Simulation of surgery with 3D software.

2. Protects vital nose structures

Maintaining lower turbines as much as possible.

Septom and turbine modification in a minimal and conservative manner.

Use of cartilage bonds (graft) To support the nose structure.

3. Precise and low -income surgical techniques

Use open or closed techniques based on individual conditions.

Prevent over -removal of cartilage and bone.

Preservation and reinforcement.

4. Post-surgery care

Use salt solutions to moisturize the mucosa.

Control of inflammation with anti -inflammatory drugs and steroids.

Evaluation of respiratory performance and smell in follow -up sessions.

Studies and clinical results

Studies have shown that:

In 1 % of patients, rhinoplasty and septoplasty improves the appearance and respiratory function simultaneously..

About 1-5 % of patients develop ENS after extensive turbulence.

Use of cartilage bonds (Especially from ear cartilage) In hybrid surgeries, it reduced the likelihood of structural collapse and respiratory obstruction by 5 %..

summary

Nasal Combined Surgery Although aimed at improving the appearance and function of the nose, any structural changes in the nose should be maintained by maintaining its normal function. (Breathing, smelling and adjusting airflow) to be accompanied. Pre -surgical evaluation, selection of conservative techniques, and post -surgical care play a key role in the long -term success of these surgeries..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

Comprehensive review

Introduction

Combined surgery involves performing several surgeries at one session that can meet functional and aesthetic goals at the same time.. Due to technical complexity, these surgeries need careful planning and thorough consultation with the patient.. Determining goals, evaluation of expectations, and pre -operation planning play a key role in the success of these surgeries.. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan)Examines the importance of planning and consulting in combined surgeries, optimizing this process, and how to manage patients' expectations..

The importance of careful planning in hybrid surgery

1.. Investigating the patient's medical condition

Before any combined surgery, the doctor should carefully examine the patient's general health status. This review includes the following:

Patient Medical History (Heart disease, diabetes, pulmonary problems, etc.)

Consumable drugs

Allergies

The patient's mental state

2.. Evaluation of patient's needs and goals

Combined surgeries usually include a combination of various methods such as cosmetic surgery, structural modification and performance improvement.. For this reason, the doctor should talk to the patient about the following goals:

Improve performance (Such as improvement of breathing in rhinoplasty)

Beauty correction (Like Change the shape of the nose Or correction of symmetry)

Reduce recovery time (A combination of multiple acts to reduce the recovery period)

۳. Careful anatomical analysis

To perform combined surgeries, the physician must evaluate the patient's anatomy in full detail. This includes the following:

Using CT scans and MRI to investigate the structure of bones and soft tissue

Assessing the quality of the skin and underlying tissues

Simulation of results using 3D models

The role of complete counseling with the patient

1.. Management of patient expectations

Unrealistic expectations are one of the causes of post -surgical dissatisfaction. The doctor should talk to the patient clearly about the real results:

Explanation of surgical limitations

The probability of the need for restorative surgery

The difference between ideal results and real results

2.. Patient mental preparation

Combined surgeries have mental effects in addition to physical effects. Psychological preparation includes the following:

Explanation about the steps of recovery

Anatomical process of pain, bruising and post -operative swelling

Provide psychological solutions to reduce anxiety

۳. Post -operative care training

Post -operative care play an important role in the end result of surgery. The doctor should teach the patient thoroughly about these care:

How to use medications (Housing, antibiotics)

Motor restrictions

Proper nutrition for faster recovery

How to clean and care for wounds

Surgical design design

1.. Step -by -step planning

Combined surgery planning must be done step by step:

Determination of priorities: Which surgeries are a priority?

Surgery timing: How much time is needed for any surgery?

Anesthesia management: The duration of anesthesia and its possible complications

2.. Coordination of the surgical team

Combined surgery requires the cooperation of several specialists:

plastic surgeon

Otolaryngologist (For nose surgery)

Anesthesiologist

Experienced nurses

۳. Risk management

In combined surgeries, more likely complications are more likely. Careful Planning for Risk Management includes the following:

Prevention of severe bleeding

Pain management

Swelling and bruising

Planning challenges in hybrid surgery

1.. The duration of surgery

Long -term surgery can lead to:

Increased risk of complications caused by anesthesia

Low blood pressure

Increased risk of infection

2.. Anatomical constraints

Some anatomical restrictions may make all the goals in one surgical session met. In these cases, surgery is recommended.

۳. Postoperative complications

The combination of multiple surgeries increases the risk of swelling, bruising and postoperative pain. The doctor should have a precise plan to manage these complications.

The benefits of careful planning and full consultation

Improve the final results: Better functional and aesthetic results
Recovery Recovery: The combination of surgeries reduces the number of recovery periods
Increased patient satisfaction: Better match between the actual result and expectations
Reduce complications: Predicting problems and preparing them to manage them

Conclusion

Careful planning and full consultation, the basis of success in Combined surgery are. Full assessment of patient condition, expectation management and coordination between the surgical team play a key role in improving the results and reducing complications.. The physician can achieve successful and satisfying results by providing accurate information to the patient and preparing them physically and mentally..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

A combination to improve respiratory function and nose aesthetic function

Introduction

رینوپلاستی (Rhinoplasty) Or a cosmetic surgery is one of the most common cosmetic surgery aimed at modifying the form and size of the nose.. On the other hand, sinus surgery (Sinus Surgery) Usually for the treatment of respiratory problems caused by obstruction of sinus or chronic sinusitis (Chronic Sinusitis) Done. In cases where sinus problems have causing the nasal form or serious respiratory problems, simultaneous rhinoplasty and sinus surgery. (It is also called rhinocinoplasty or functional rhinoplasty) Can be the best therapeutic and cosmetic solution. In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan), A full examination of this combined approach, benefits, surgical process, recovery period and expected results.

Anatomy of the nose and sinuses

Nose and Sinus Are relevant to each other in terms of performance and structure. Key structures involved in respiratory function and nasal aesthetic function are:

nasal septum (Septum): The middle wall of the nose that divides it into two parts. Septum deviation (Septum Doment) Can cause airflow obstruction.

Turbines (Turbinates): Three layers of tissue on each side of the nose that adjust the air flow and maintain moisture. Large or inflamed turbines cause nasal blockage.

Paranazal sinuses: Hollow spaces around the nose that are covered with mucosa and help ventilate, regulate pressure and mucosal production.. Chronic sinusitis (Inflammation of the sinuses) Causes disruption to these functions.

The outer walls of the nose: Includes bones and cartilage that form the overall shape of the nose and, if deformed, can cause respiratory problems and asymmetry problems..

Chronic sinusitis and its effect on the nose

1.. Definition of chronic sinusitis

Chronic sinusitis (Chronic Rhinosinusitis) Long -term inflammation of sinuses (Usually over 6 weeks) Is said to cause the following:

Chronic nasal obstruction

Mucosal secretion

Pressure or pain in the face area

Decreased sense of smell

2.. Causes of chronic sinusitis

Repeated infections

Severe allergies (allergic rhinitis)

Septum deviation

Nasal polyps (Nasal Polyps)

Growing turbines

۳. Impact on the structure of the nose

Chronic sinusitis if left untreated can cause:
Chronic swelling of the mucus and internal deformation of the nose
Chronic obstruction that causes oral breathing and sleep problems
Changing the external form of the nose due to continuous sinusoidal pressure
Structural weakness due to bone erosion and cartilage

Rhinoplasty and sinus surgery: Why are they done simultaneously?

Medical and cosmetic reasons to combine these two surgeries:

Nasal obstruction: In case of deviation of septum or large turbines, the surgeon can correct these problems during rhinoplasty..

Treatment of chronic sinusitis: Removing sinus obstruction, discharge of sinuses and modifying polyps improves respiratory function..

The structure of the structural and beauty: Nasal deformity After resolving sinus problems, it creates fit and improves the overall appearance of the face..

Functional problems: Treatment of sinus and respiratory problems helps reduce headaches, improve sleep and improve quality of life.

Rhinoplasty and sinus synthetic surgery

🔎 ۱. Endoscopic sinus surgery (Endoscopic Sinus Surgery)

Using an endoscope (The narrow tube with the camera) Enters the nose and open the sinuses.

Inflamed tissues, polyps and overcrowded mucosa.

The air flow in the sinuses improves and the respiratory function improves.

🔎 ۲. سپتوپلاستی (Septoplasty)

Correction

Removing or regenerating parts of the cartilage and septum bone

Improve respiratory path

🔎 ۳. Reduce turbines (Turbinate Reduction)

Reducing the size of swollen turbines through:

Burning extra mucosa (Radiofrequency)

Removing part of the turbine tissue

🔎 ۴. رینوپلاستی Beauty (Cosmetic Rhinoplasty)

Change the nose form (Reduce horses, raise nose, correction of asymmetry)

Consolidating the nasal structure using cartilage graft

Adjusting nasal angles to improve appearance and functionality

Combined surgical process

• Anesthesia: Usually performed under general anesthesia.
• Sinus stage: Sinus problems are first treated with endoscopy.
• Septum and turbines: Correction of septum and turbines to improve the respiratory path.
• Beauty stage: Bone deformation and nasal cartilage to improve appearance.
• Suture and dressing: Put internal and external splints to stabilize the nose.

Expected Benefits and Results

Improve respiratory function: Increasing airflow and decreasing congestion
Remove chronic sinusitis: Reducing the frequency and severity of sinus infections
Natural and beautiful appearance: Correction of nose form in harmony with other facial components
Reduce secondary complications: Such as headaches, snoring and sleep problems

recovery period

The first week: Swelling

1 to 2 weeks: Gradual reduction of inflation and improvement of respiratory function

1 to 6 months: The final shape of the nose appears

1 to 2 months: Complete improvement of sinuses

Possible side effects

Bleeding
The infection
The remaining respiratory problems (In case of incomplete correction)
Dissatisfaction with the outcome of beauty

Who is a good candidate for this surgery?

Patients with chronic sinusitis associated with respiratory problems
People with severe septum deviation
Those who are unhappy with their nose form
People with cosmetic and functional problems at the same time in the nose

Conclusion

Performing the simultaneous rhinoplasty and sinus surgery (Renosynoplasty) An effective therapeutic and beauty strategy that helps improve breathing, relieves chronic sinusitis, and nose appearance.. This hybrid surgery can improve one's quality of life and confidence by resolving structural and cosmetic problems simultaneously..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af

A solution to correct nose form and improve respiratory function

Introduction

رینوپلاستی (Rhinoplasty), Also known as nasal cosmetic surgery, is one of the most used cosmetic and reconstructive procedures in the world.. In some cases, especially when the nasal structure requires more strength and support, from the cartilage bonding technique (Cartilage Graft) Used to be. In addition to improving the appearance of the nose, this method also helps to solve functional problems such as air duct obstruction..

In this article from the site of Dr. Behnam Khorrami (Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan)We will investigate the details of the cartilage transplant in rhinoplasty, all types of cartilage used, its applications in surgery, and the advantages and disadvantages of this method..

Why is cartilage bonding in rhinoplasty?

The cartilage transplant is performed in rhinoplasty with the following goals:

Correction of the tip of the nose: In people with weak, fallen or unbalanced nose tip, cartilage can help create a solid and natural structure..

Strengthening the nose bridge: In cases where the nasal bridge is too smooth, dipped or unbalanced, the cartilage transplant helps increase its height and improve its proportionality..

Post -Failed Surgery: In nasal reconstructive surgeries (Revision Rhinoplasty), Cartilage used to rebuild the damaged structure.

The removal of air ducts: In patients who are due to structural problems such as Deviated septum (Septal Deviation) They have respiratory problems, cartilage transplantation can help open the air ducts.

Increased structural strength: In noses with thick skin or in people with fleshy noses, Cartilage plays an important role in maintaining shape and preventing drooping.

Types of cartilage used in rhinoplasty

1. Ghazarov Hospital (Septal Cartilage)

Source: From the middle blade of the nose (سپتوم) It is removed.

Advantages: Septal cartilage is an ideal choice to support the tip of the nose and nose bridge because of its firmness and strength..

Limit: In people who have previously performed septoplasty surgery or their septal cartilage is small, this option is limited..

2. Ear cartilage (Auricular Cartilage)

Source: From the back of the ear (Unchanged in the shape of the ear.) It is harvested.

Advantages: High flexibility and suitable for delicate corrections at the tip of the nose.

Limit: It has less strength than septal cartilage and is not very suitable in cases of stronger structure..

3. Gear cartilage (Costal Cartilage)

Source: From the ribs of the chest (Usually eighth or ninth gear) It is harvested.

Advantages: High resistance to extensive repair or nose that requires extensive regeneration.

Limit: The harvest of gear cartilage requires a shear in the chest and this method is slightly more aggressive than other options..

Cartilage transplant applications in rhinoplasty

Increasing the height of the nose bridge (Dorsal Augmentation): To remove smooth or dipped nose.

Correction of the tip of the nose (Tip Refinement): To create a more elegant and good -looking form at the tip of the nose.

Strengthen the nasal valves (Nasal Valve Support): In patients with severe respiratory obstruction.

Repair of unsuccessful surgeries: Ear or ear cartilage can be used to modify undesirable changes caused by previous surgeries.

Reconstruction of structural defects: In cases such as traumatic injuries or congenital defects.

Steps to perform cartilage transplantation in rhinoplasty

1. Counseling and evaluation

The surgeon examines the nasal structure, the skin's properties and the functional and beauty needs of the patient.

Sometimes 3D imaging is used to predict results.

2. Harvesting cartilage

Depending on the patient's need, the cartilage is removed from septum, ear or ribs.

3. Cartilage formation

The surgeon carefully cuts the cartilage to arbitrarily and proportional to the patient's nose structure.

4. Putting the cartilage in the nose

The cartilage is in the right position and fastened with delicate sutures.

5. Closing cuts and dressings

The nose is protected by a special splint or plaster to fix the new structure.

The benefits of cartilage transplantation in rhinoplasty

The creation of strength and stability in the nasal structure
Reduce the possibility of drooping or deformity of the nose over time
Simultaneous improvement of respiratory function and nose appearance
Natural and sustainable results in the long run

Disadvantages and possible complications of cartilage transplantation

The possibility of partial cartilage absorption in rare cases
Increase surgical time due to the harvesting process and shaping the cartilage
In the ribic cartilage transplant, the cut on the chest requires more care
More swelling and bruising. In some cases

Post -Rhinoplasty with cartilage transplantation

Avoid heavy activities in the first 1 to 2 weeks
Sleeping back with a slightly high head to reduce swelling
Regular use of prescribed drugs
Refusing to hit or pressure to the nose
Surgeon's visit to the surgeon to check the recovery process

Who is a good option for cartilage transplantation in rhinoplasty?

People who need to modify the nose structure
Patients who have had previous nose surgery and need repair
People with respiratory problems caused by nasal obstruction
Patients with traumatic nasal injuries

summary

رینوپلاستی With cartilage transplantation is an effective and safe method for improving the form and function of the nose. Select type Cartilage (Septum, ear or gear) Depends on the patient's individual condition and surgical needs. This technique, especially in complex cases or reconstructive surgeries, can have natural and sustainable results..

Useful links:

Isfahan nose surgeon _ Jaw surgeon of Isfahan

Dr. Behnam Khorrami's page in the clinic 24 | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24 | Nose surgeon in Isfahan clinic 24

Dr. Behnam Khorrami, nose surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Maxillofacial surgeon in Isfahan at Dr. Af | Isfahan nose surgeon at Dr. Af